Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain
Présentation
Le laboratoire en quelques mots
Le Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED) a pour objectif fondateur de développer « l’écologie des énergies », en menant à la fois recherches scientifiques et techniques guidées par les problèmes à résoudre dans le cadre de la transition énergétique et de l’accroissement des besoins mondiaux en énergie.
Il répond à la nécessité d’une approche interdisciplinaire des problèmes posés, en fédérant les membres – universitaires ou venant d’entreprises – des secteurs Sciences (Biologie, Chimie, Informatique, Mathématiques, Physique, Sciences de l’Ingénieur, Sciences de la Terre) et Sciences Humaines et Sociales (Anthropologie, Economie, Géographie, Histoire, Philosophie, Ecologie, Sciences politiques, Sociologie).
Les membres de l’UMR LIED (17 du secteur sciences et 9 du secteur SHS) se composent de 8 PR, 11 MCU, 3 personnels CNRS (1CR, 1IR, 1assimilée) et de 4 consultants. Le LIED constitue également la pierre angulaire de l’Institut des Energies de Demain (IED), appelé à devenir l’un des quatre instituts transversaux de l’IDEX SCP. Celui-ci comprend l’UMR LIED, la fédération IED et le réseau international PIERI (Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute).
L’ensemble forme un « dispositif » en cinq modes d’appartenance dont le premier est l'UMR LIED proprement dite. Le deuxième mode d’appartenance à LIED rassemble des membres de la plupart des laboratoires du campus Paris Diderot, irriguant le LIED par ses racines pluridisciplinaires. Deux autres modes l’ouvrent à des laboratoires d'autres PRES et aux entreprises, dont bon nombre le soutiennent très concrètement, en particulier celles qui font partie du conseil scientifique du LIED : AREVA, Bouygues, EDF, Saint-Gobain. Son ouverture internationale est le réseau PIERI.
La figure, généralisable à plusieurs fédérations de recherche, correspond au cas de deux : celle de l'institut des énergies de demain (avec l’UMR LIED représentée par un cercle blanc noté 1) et d’une autre centrée sur le laboratoire X (représenté par un cercle blanc noté X). Les laboratoires du campus Paris Diderot mutualisés avec le LIED sont les cercles colorés notés 2. Ceux satellisés par le X sont des cercles notés ? à colorer selon leurs disciplines. Les laboratoires interagissant avec le LIED et X sont les cercles colorés notés 3 ou 4 selon leurs degrés d’interaction avec ces laboratoires (sphères 3 ou 4 respectivement). Le caractère international du PIERI est symbolisé par un rectangle d’où proviennent des interactions multiformes.
Inscription au LIED
Researchers wishing to discuss collaborative projects are encouraged to get in touch using the following email address: lied-pieri@univ-paris-diderot.fr
Thèmes de recherche
The LIED and its international network PIERI (Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute) have been launched in the context of increased worldwide demands in energy in the face of environmental concerns, i.e. sustainable resources and impact on the climate.
The LIED favours a global approach and aims at resolving questions at the national and international level by a unique multi-disciplinary approach encompassing basic science (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Informatics, Mathematics, Earth sciences and Engineering) as well as social sciences (Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Philosophy, Political sciences), whether in the academic or industrial domain.
· Objectives : Develop basic and applied science in response to the challenges of the “energy transition” with a focus on the interaction between energy, environment and climate. In the domain of biology, the LIED aims at understanding the basic mechanisms underlying energetic processes in microorganisms and in plants. It fosters applied science for the development of production and transformation of biomass.
· Methods : Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics, Molecular and cellular biology, Bioinformatics.
. Research orientations : balancing fundamental and applied research.
The work of the PIERI is organised around four axes :
♦ Fundamental science and low-carbon energy sources ;
♦ The science and technology of energy efficiency ;
♦ Forecasting, social and economic analysis, and public policy studies ;
♦ Interdisciplinary epistemology.
The titles of first two axes already illustrate the aspiration to combine fundamental and applied research. Two complementary research groups have been established, entitled : ‘Innovative energy sources and biomaterials’ and ‘Energy transport, instabilities and fluctuations’, composed mainly of researchers from sciences and technologies, but with input from social scientists. The third axis is subdivided into six themes, which all bring together the physical and the social sciences, namely :
The geography of energy sourcing ;
The multilevel governance of energy ;
Social representation and innovation : hydrogen and other energy pathways ;
Energy efficiency and modes of consumption ;
Forecasting models and interdisciplinary convergence ;
Smart grids.
Equipes de recherche
Directeur : Mathieu Arnoux
Procédés des systèmes vivants
- Stress environnementaux et plantes : F. Bouteau ( MCF HDR, Coordinateur)
- Métabolisme secondaire des cyanobactéries : A. Mejean (PR, Coordinateur)
- Génétique et épigénétique des champignons : P. Silar (PR, Coordinateur)
- Biologie et Biotechnologie des champignons : F. Chapeland-Leclerc ( MCF HDR, Coordinateur)
Territoires et sociétés dans la longue durée
- Dynamiques des territoires et des sociétés : C. Mering (PR, Coordinateur), P. Chatzimpiros (MCF, Coordinateur)
- Dynamiques du long terme et transitions énergétiques : M. Arnoux (PR, Coordinateur)
- Sociologie et Sciences politiques : G. Bronner (PR, Coordinateur)
- Economie des inégalités : A.Berthe (MCF, coordinateur)
Efficience énergétique
- Dynamiques couplées et optimisation énergétique : C. Goupil (PR, Coordinateur)
- Dynamiques collectives des systèmes vivants et artificiels : J. Halloy (PR, Coordinateur)
- Climat Energie Métabolisme urbain : L. Royon (PR, Coordinateur)
[hal-01051049] Acetylated 1,3-diaminopropane antagonizes abscisic acid-mediated stomatal closing in Arabidopsis.
Date: 9 juil 2021 - 04:39
Desc: Faced with declining soil-water potential, plants synthesize abscisic acid (ABA), which then triggers stomatal closure to conserve tissue moisture. Closed stomates, however, also create several physiological dilemmas. Among these, the large CO2 influx required for net photosynthesis will be disrupted. Depleting CO2 in the plant will in turn bias stomatal opening by suppressing ABA sensitivity, which then aggravates transpiration further. We have investigated the molecular basis of how C3 plants resolve this H2 O-CO2 conflicting priority created by stomatal closure. Here, we have identified in Arabidopsis thaliana an early drought-induced spermidine spermine-N(1) -acetyltransferase homolog, which can slow ABA-mediated stomatal closure. Evidence from genetic, biochemical and physiological analyses has revealed that this protein does so by acetylating the metabolite 1,3-diaminopropane (DAP), thereby turning on the latter's intrinsic activity. Acetylated DAP triggers plasma membrane electrical and ion transport properties in an opposite way to those by ABA. Thus in adapting to low soil-water availability, acetyl-DAP could refrain stomates from complete closure to sustain CO2 diffusion to photosynthetic tissues.
[hal-01580363] Rapid Characterization of Microcystin-Producing Cyanobacteria in Freshwater Lakes by TSA-FISH (Tyramid Signal Amplification-Fluorescent In Situ Hybridization)
Date: 8 juil 2021 - 04:52
Desc: Microcystin (MC) is a common and widespread toxin which represents a health hazard to humans and animals. MC toxin concentrations are monitored by various direct or proxy techniques (HPLC, LC-MS/MS, ELISA, PPIA), however, these techniques do not discriminate producing species from non-producing ones. In order to simultaneously provide the identity and activity of cyanotoxin producing species in freshwater lakes, we applied simple, and fully detailed, whole cell fluorescent in situ hybridization enhanced by tyramid signal amplification (TSA-FISH). DNA oligonucleotide probes MICR3 and MCYA were targeting 16S rRNA and mcyA-mRNA, respectively. The mcyA gene is coding for the MC synthetase enzyme involved in MC synthesis. Controls were acquired with the general eubacterial 16S rRNA probe EUB338, for TSA-FISH assay, and standard HPLC and LC-MS/MS as standard methods for the measurements of MC concentration. Results obtained from monoclonal strains and natural samples demonstrated a specific identification of Microcystis species and were able to discriminate MC producing from non-producing ones. In addition, the MCYA probe allowed the specific detection of MC-synthetase mRNA within Planktothrix isothrix (Oscillatoriale) filaments. Two kinds of mcyA-mRNA labeling were observed in these cells, spots like and plasmid like, which illustrates the well-known plasticity of microbial genome to adapt to environmental stresses. We demonstrated that a simple TSA-FISH assay allows acquiring rapidly dual information of the presence and abundance of potentially toxic species, while identifying species actively producing MC-synthetase mRNA, a proxy of MC toxin. This technique has the potential to be developed into an effective environmental monitoring tool. In addition, detail visualization of cellular mRNAs is powerful for the acquisition of ecological and biomolecular studies of toxic cyanobacteria.
[hal-02294922] The mitochondrial translocase of the inner membrane PaTim54 is involved in defense response and longevity in Podospora anserina
Date: 8 juil 2021 - 04:52
Desc: Fungi are very successful microorganisms capable of colonizing virtually any ecological niche where they must constantly cope with competitors including fungi, bacteria and nematodes. We have shown previously that the ascomycete Podopora anserina exhibits Hyphal Interference (HI), an antagonistic response triggered by direct contact of competing fungal hyphae. When challenged with Penicillium chrysogenum, P. anserina produces hydrogen peroxide at the confrontation and kills the hyphae of P. chrysogenum. Here, we report the characterization of the PDC2218 mutant affected in HI. When challenged with P. chrysogenum, the PDC2218 mutant produces a massive oxidative burst at the confrontation. However, this increased production of hydrogen peroxide is not correlated to increased cell death in P. chrysogenum. Hence, the oxidative burst and cell death in the challenger are uncoupled in PDC2218. The gene affected in PDC2218 is PaTim54, encoding the homologue of the budding yeast mitochondrial inner membrane import machinery component Tim54p. We show that PaTim54 is essential in P. anserina and that the phenotypes displayed by the PDC2218 mutant, renamed PaTim542218, are the consequence of a drastic reduction in the expression of PaTim54. Among these pleiotropic phenotypes, PDC2218-PaTim542218- displays increased lifespan, a phenotype in line with the observed mitochondrial defects in the mutant.
[hal-02178021] Cyclooxygenases and lipoxygenases are used by the fungus Podospora anserina to repel nematodes
Date: 8 juil 2021 - 04:52
Desc: Oxylipins are secondary messengers used universally in the living world for communication and defense. The paradigm is that they are produced enzymatically for the eicosanoids and non-enzymatically for the isoprostanoids. They are supposed to be degraded into volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and to participate in aroma production. Some such chemicals composed of eight carbons are also envisoned as alternatives to fossil fuels. In fungi, oxylipins have been mostly studied in Aspergilli and shown to be involved in signalling asexual versus sexual development, mycotoxin production and interaction with the host for pathogenic species. Through targeted gene deletions of genes encoding oxylipin-producing enzymes and chemical analysis of oxylipins and volatile organic compounds, we show that in the distantly-related ascomycete Podospora anserina, isoprostanoids are likely produced enzymatically. We show the disappearance in the mutants lacking lipoxygenases and cyclooxygenases of the production of 10-hydroxy-octadecadienoic acid and that of 1-octen-3-ol, a common volatile compound. Importantly, this was correlated with the inability of the mutants to repel nematodes as efficiently as the wild type. Overall, our data show that in this fungus, oxylipins are not involved in signalling development but may rather be used directly or as precursors in the production of odors against potential agressors. Significance: We analyzse the role in inter-kingdom communication of lipoxygenase (lox) and cyclooxygenase (cox) genes in the model fungus Podospora anserina. Through chemical analysis we define the oxylipins and volatile organic compounds (VOCs)produce by wild type and mutants for cox and lox genes, We show that the COX and LOX genes are required for the production of some eight carbon VOCs. We show that COX and LOX genes are involved in the production of chemicals repelling nematodes. This role is very different from the ones previously evidenced in other fungi.
[hal-03153130] SymB and SymC, two membrane associated proteins, are required for E pichloë festucae hyphal cell-cell fusion and maintenance of a mutualistic interaction with L olium perenne
Date: 8 juil 2021 - 04:52
Desc: Cell-cell fusion in fungi is required for colony formation, nutrient transfer and signal transduction. Disruption of genes required for hyphal fusion in Epichloë festucae, a mutualistic symbiont of Lolium grasses, severely disrupts the host interaction phenotype. They examined whether symB and symC, the E. festucae homologs of Podospora anserina self-signaling genes IDC2 and IDC3, are required for E. festucae hyphal fusion and host symbiosis. Deletion mutants of these genes were defective in hyphal cell fusion, formed intra-hyphal hyphae, and had enhanced conidiation. SymB-GFP and SymC-mRFP1 localize to plasma membrane, septa and points of hyphal cell fusion. Plants infected with ΔsymB and ΔsymC strains were severely stunted. Hyphae of the mutants colonized vascular bundles, were more abundant than wild type in the intercellular spaces and formed intra-hyphal hyphae. Although these phenotypes are identical to those previously observed for cell wall integrity MAP kinase mutants no difference was observed in the basal level of MpkA phosphorylation or its cellular localization in the mutant backgrounds. Both genes contain binding sites for the transcription factor ProA. Collectively these results show that SymB and SymC are key components of a conserved signaling network for E. festucae to maintain a mutualistic symbiotic interaction within L. perenne.
Autres contacts
Université Paris 7 - Paris Diderot
The members of LIED are located on 4 sites :
Bâtiment Condorcet - 10, rue Alice Domon & Léonie Duquet - 75013 Paris
Bâtiment Lamarck A - 39, rue Hélène Brion - 75013 Paris
Bâtiment Lamarck B - 35, rue Hélène Brion - 75013 Paris
Bâtiment Olympe de Gouges - 8 place Paul-Ricoeur - 75013 Paris
