Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain
Présentation
Le laboratoire en quelques mots
Le Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED) a pour objectif fondateur de développer « l’écologie des énergies », en menant à la fois recherches scientifiques et techniques guidées par les problèmes à résoudre dans le cadre de la transition énergétique et de l’accroissement des besoins mondiaux en énergie.
Il répond à la nécessité d’une approche interdisciplinaire des problèmes posés, en fédérant les membres – universitaires ou venant d’entreprises – des secteurs Sciences (Biologie, Chimie, Informatique, Mathématiques, Physique, Sciences de l’Ingénieur, Sciences de la Terre) et Sciences Humaines et Sociales (Anthropologie, Economie, Géographie, Histoire, Philosophie, Ecologie, Sciences politiques, Sociologie).
Les membres de l’UMR LIED (17 du secteur sciences et 9 du secteur SHS) se composent de 8 PR, 11 MCU, 3 personnels CNRS (1CR, 1IR, 1assimilée) et de 4 consultants. Le LIED constitue également la pierre angulaire de l’Institut des Energies de Demain (IED), appelé à devenir l’un des quatre instituts transversaux de l’IDEX SCP. Celui-ci comprend l’UMR LIED, la fédération IED et le réseau international PIERI (Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute).
L’ensemble forme un « dispositif » en cinq modes d’appartenance dont le premier est l'UMR LIED proprement dite. Le deuxième mode d’appartenance à LIED rassemble des membres de la plupart des laboratoires du campus Paris Diderot, irriguant le LIED par ses racines pluridisciplinaires. Deux autres modes l’ouvrent à des laboratoires d'autres PRES et aux entreprises, dont bon nombre le soutiennent très concrètement, en particulier celles qui font partie du conseil scientifique du LIED : AREVA, Bouygues, EDF, Saint-Gobain. Son ouverture internationale est le réseau PIERI.
La figure, généralisable à plusieurs fédérations de recherche, correspond au cas de deux : celle de l'institut des énergies de demain (avec l’UMR LIED représentée par un cercle blanc noté 1) et d’une autre centrée sur le laboratoire X (représenté par un cercle blanc noté X). Les laboratoires du campus Paris Diderot mutualisés avec le LIED sont les cercles colorés notés 2. Ceux satellisés par le X sont des cercles notés ? à colorer selon leurs disciplines. Les laboratoires interagissant avec le LIED et X sont les cercles colorés notés 3 ou 4 selon leurs degrés d’interaction avec ces laboratoires (sphères 3 ou 4 respectivement). Le caractère international du PIERI est symbolisé par un rectangle d’où proviennent des interactions multiformes.
Inscription au LIED
Researchers wishing to discuss collaborative projects are encouraged to get in touch using the following email address: lied-pieri@univ-paris-diderot.fr
Thèmes de recherche
The LIED and its international network PIERI (Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute) have been launched in the context of increased worldwide demands in energy in the face of environmental concerns, i.e. sustainable resources and impact on the climate.
The LIED favours a global approach and aims at resolving questions at the national and international level by a unique multi-disciplinary approach encompassing basic science (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Informatics, Mathematics, Earth sciences and Engineering) as well as social sciences (Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Philosophy, Political sciences), whether in the academic or industrial domain.
· Objectives : Develop basic and applied science in response to the challenges of the “energy transition” with a focus on the interaction between energy, environment and climate. In the domain of biology, the LIED aims at understanding the basic mechanisms underlying energetic processes in microorganisms and in plants. It fosters applied science for the development of production and transformation of biomass.
· Methods : Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics, Molecular and cellular biology, Bioinformatics.
. Research orientations : balancing fundamental and applied research.
The work of the PIERI is organised around four axes :
♦ Fundamental science and low-carbon energy sources ;
♦ The science and technology of energy efficiency ;
♦ Forecasting, social and economic analysis, and public policy studies ;
♦ Interdisciplinary epistemology.
The titles of first two axes already illustrate the aspiration to combine fundamental and applied research. Two complementary research groups have been established, entitled : ‘Innovative energy sources and biomaterials’ and ‘Energy transport, instabilities and fluctuations’, composed mainly of researchers from sciences and technologies, but with input from social scientists. The third axis is subdivided into six themes, which all bring together the physical and the social sciences, namely :
The geography of energy sourcing ;
The multilevel governance of energy ;
Social representation and innovation : hydrogen and other energy pathways ;
Energy efficiency and modes of consumption ;
Forecasting models and interdisciplinary convergence ;
Smart grids.
Equipes de recherche
Directeur : Mathieu Arnoux
Procédés des systèmes vivants
- Stress environnementaux et plantes : F. Bouteau ( MCF HDR, Coordinateur)
- Métabolisme secondaire des cyanobactéries : A. Mejean (PR, Coordinateur)
- Génétique et épigénétique des champignons : P. Silar (PR, Coordinateur)
- Biologie et Biotechnologie des champignons : F. Chapeland-Leclerc ( MCF HDR, Coordinateur)
Territoires et sociétés dans la longue durée
- Dynamiques des territoires et des sociétés : C. Mering (PR, Coordinateur), P. Chatzimpiros (MCF, Coordinateur)
- Dynamiques du long terme et transitions énergétiques : M. Arnoux (PR, Coordinateur)
- Sociologie et Sciences politiques : G. Bronner (PR, Coordinateur)
- Economie des inégalités : A.Berthe (MCF, coordinateur)
Efficience énergétique
- Dynamiques couplées et optimisation énergétique : C. Goupil (PR, Coordinateur)
- Dynamiques collectives des systèmes vivants et artificiels : J. Halloy (PR, Coordinateur)
- Climat Energie Métabolisme urbain : L. Royon (PR, Coordinateur)
[hal-03153559] Systematic gene deletions evidences that laccases are involved in several stages of wood degradation in the filamentous fungus Podospora anserina
Date: 26 fév 2021 - 14:47
Desc: Transformation of plant biomass into biofuels may supply environmentally friendly alternative biological sources of energy. Laccases are supposed to be involved in the lysis of lignin, a prerequisite step for efficient breakdown of cellulose into fermentable sugars. The role in development and plant biomass degradation of the nine canonical laccases belonging to three different subfamilies and one related multicopper oxidase of the Ascomycota fungus Podospora anserina was investigated by targeted gene deletion. The 10 genes were inactivated singly, and multiple mutants were constructed by genetic crosses. lac6(Δ), lac8(Δ) and mco(Δ) mutants were significantly reduced in their ability to grow on lignin-containing materials, but also on cellulose and plastic. Furthermore, lac8(Δ), lac7(Δ), mco(Δ) and lac6(Δ) mutants were defective towards resistance to phenolic substrates and H2 O2 , which may also impact lignocellulose breakdown. Double and multiple mutants were generally more affected than single mutants, evidencing redundancy of function among laccases. Our study provides the first genetic evidences that laccases are major actors of wood utilization in a fungus and that they have multiple roles during this process apart from participation in lignin lysis.
[hal-03681697] Production and removal of superoxide anion radical by artificial metalloenzymes and redox-active metals
Date: 30 mai 2022 - 15:55
Desc: Generation of reactive oxygen species is useful for various medical, engineering and agricultural purposes. These include clinical modulation of immunological mechanism, enhanced degradation of organic compounds released to the environments, removal of microorganisms for the hygienic purpose, and agricultural pest control; both directly acting against pathogenic microorganisms and indirectly via stimulation of plant defense mechanism represented by systemic acquired resistance and hypersensitive response. By aiming to develop a novel classes of artificial redox-active biocatalysts involved in production and/or removal of superoxide anion radicals, recent attempts for understanding and modification of natural catalytic proteins and functional DNA sequences of mammalian and plant origins are covered in this review article.
[hal-03153693] Greeneria saprophytica sp. nov. on dead leaves of Syzygium cumini from Chiang Rai, Thailand
Date: 26 fév 2021 - 16:03
Desc: Greeneria saprophytica sp. nov. is described from fallen Syzygium cumini leaves collected in northern Thailand. The genus Greeneria is monotypic and represented by the type species G. uvicola. The novelty and placement of G. saprophytica is confirmed based on phylogenetic analyses of the 28S nuclear large subunit DNA (nuLSU). The new species differs from G. uvicola in the dimensions of acervular conidiomata, conidiogenous cells and conidia. The phialide collarette with a serrate margin, a rare feature in conidial fungi, is characteristic of the genus.
[hal-03153201] Morphology and phylogeny of two appendaged genera of coelomycetes: Ciliochorella and Discosia
Date: 26 fév 2021 - 10:58
Desc: The taxonomy and phylogeny of the coelomycete genera Ciliochorella and Discosia which have appendaged conidia are examined in this paper. The phylogeny of taxa in Amphisphaeriaceae is reconstructed based on analysis of large subunit (28S) ribosomal DNA (LSU) sequence data. This analysis confirms that Ciliochorella and Discosia are members of Amphisphaeriaceae (Xylariales). A combination of morphological characters together with analysis of the ß-Tubulin (TUB) gene region can be used to distinguish species in Discosia. In addition Ciliochorella mangiferae and Discosia brasiliensis are characterized morphologically.
[hal-03153674] Morphology and phylogeny of Chaetospermum (asexual coelomycetous Basidiomycota
Date: 26 fév 2021 - 15:56
Desc: Five asexually reproducing basidiomycetous fungi, isolated from northern and southern provinces of Thailand, characterized by slimy, setulate conidia in creamy white pycnidia and classified in the genus Chaetospermum, are studied in detail. Two species, C. camelliae and C. artocarpi, are redescribed and epitypified. A phylogenetic tree based on 28S large subunit rDNA (LSU) sequence was used to analyze their taxonomy and relationships. The study confirmed that Chaetospermum belongs to the Sebacinales, a poorly studied order of Agaricomycetes.
Autres contacts
Université Paris 7 - Paris Diderot
The members of LIED are located on 4 sites :
Bâtiment Condorcet - 10, rue Alice Domon & Léonie Duquet - 75013 Paris
Bâtiment Lamarck A - 39, rue Hélène Brion - 75013 Paris
Bâtiment Lamarck B - 35, rue Hélène Brion - 75013 Paris
Bâtiment Olympe de Gouges - 8 place Paul-Ricoeur - 75013 Paris