Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain
Présentation
Le laboratoire en quelques mots
Le Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED) a pour objectif fondateur de développer « l’écologie des énergies », en menant à la fois recherches scientifiques et techniques guidées par les problèmes à résoudre dans le cadre de la transition énergétique et de l’accroissement des besoins mondiaux en énergie.
Il répond à la nécessité d’une approche interdisciplinaire des problèmes posés, en fédérant les membres – universitaires ou venant d’entreprises – des secteurs Sciences (Biologie, Chimie, Informatique, Mathématiques, Physique, Sciences de l’Ingénieur, Sciences de la Terre) et Sciences Humaines et Sociales (Anthropologie, Economie, Géographie, Histoire, Philosophie, Ecologie, Sciences politiques, Sociologie).
Les membres de l’UMR LIED (17 du secteur sciences et 9 du secteur SHS) se composent de 8 PR, 11 MCU, 3 personnels CNRS (1CR, 1IR, 1assimilée) et de 4 consultants. Le LIED constitue également la pierre angulaire de l’Institut des Energies de Demain (IED), appelé à devenir l’un des quatre instituts transversaux de l’IDEX SCP. Celui-ci comprend l’UMR LIED, la fédération IED et le réseau international PIERI (Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute).
L’ensemble forme un « dispositif » en cinq modes d’appartenance dont le premier est l'UMR LIED proprement dite. Le deuxième mode d’appartenance à LIED rassemble des membres de la plupart des laboratoires du campus Paris Diderot, irriguant le LIED par ses racines pluridisciplinaires. Deux autres modes l’ouvrent à des laboratoires d'autres PRES et aux entreprises, dont bon nombre le soutiennent très concrètement, en particulier celles qui font partie du conseil scientifique du LIED : AREVA, Bouygues, EDF, Saint-Gobain. Son ouverture internationale est le réseau PIERI.
La figure, généralisable à plusieurs fédérations de recherche, correspond au cas de deux : celle de l'institut des énergies de demain (avec l’UMR LIED représentée par un cercle blanc noté 1) et d’une autre centrée sur le laboratoire X (représenté par un cercle blanc noté X). Les laboratoires du campus Paris Diderot mutualisés avec le LIED sont les cercles colorés notés 2. Ceux satellisés par le X sont des cercles notés ? à colorer selon leurs disciplines. Les laboratoires interagissant avec le LIED et X sont les cercles colorés notés 3 ou 4 selon leurs degrés d’interaction avec ces laboratoires (sphères 3 ou 4 respectivement). Le caractère international du PIERI est symbolisé par un rectangle d’où proviennent des interactions multiformes.
Inscription au LIED
Researchers wishing to discuss collaborative projects are encouraged to get in touch using the following email address: lied-pieri@univ-paris-diderot.fr
Thèmes de recherche
The LIED and its international network PIERI (Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute) have been launched in the context of increased worldwide demands in energy in the face of environmental concerns, i.e. sustainable resources and impact on the climate.
The LIED favours a global approach and aims at resolving questions at the national and international level by a unique multi-disciplinary approach encompassing basic science (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Informatics, Mathematics, Earth sciences and Engineering) as well as social sciences (Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Philosophy, Political sciences), whether in the academic or industrial domain.
· Objectives : Develop basic and applied science in response to the challenges of the “energy transition” with a focus on the interaction between energy, environment and climate. In the domain of biology, the LIED aims at understanding the basic mechanisms underlying energetic processes in microorganisms and in plants. It fosters applied science for the development of production and transformation of biomass.
· Methods : Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics, Molecular and cellular biology, Bioinformatics.
. Research orientations : balancing fundamental and applied research.
The work of the PIERI is organised around four axes :
♦ Fundamental science and low-carbon energy sources ;
♦ The science and technology of energy efficiency ;
♦ Forecasting, social and economic analysis, and public policy studies ;
♦ Interdisciplinary epistemology.
The titles of first two axes already illustrate the aspiration to combine fundamental and applied research. Two complementary research groups have been established, entitled : ‘Innovative energy sources and biomaterials’ and ‘Energy transport, instabilities and fluctuations’, composed mainly of researchers from sciences and technologies, but with input from social scientists. The third axis is subdivided into six themes, which all bring together the physical and the social sciences, namely :
The geography of energy sourcing ;
The multilevel governance of energy ;
Social representation and innovation : hydrogen and other energy pathways ;
Energy efficiency and modes of consumption ;
Forecasting models and interdisciplinary convergence ;
Smart grids.
Equipes de recherche
Directeur : Mathieu Arnoux
Procédés des systèmes vivants
- Stress environnementaux et plantes : F. Bouteau ( MCF HDR, Coordinateur)
- Métabolisme secondaire des cyanobactéries : A. Mejean (PR, Coordinateur)
- Génétique et épigénétique des champignons : P. Silar (PR, Coordinateur)
- Biologie et Biotechnologie des champignons : F. Chapeland-Leclerc ( MCF HDR, Coordinateur)
Territoires et sociétés dans la longue durée
- Dynamiques des territoires et des sociétés : C. Mering (PR, Coordinateur), P. Chatzimpiros (MCF, Coordinateur)
- Dynamiques du long terme et transitions énergétiques : M. Arnoux (PR, Coordinateur)
- Sociologie et Sciences politiques : G. Bronner (PR, Coordinateur)
- Economie des inégalités : A.Berthe (MCF, coordinateur)
Efficience énergétique
- Dynamiques couplées et optimisation énergétique : C. Goupil (PR, Coordinateur)
- Dynamiques collectives des systèmes vivants et artificiels : J. Halloy (PR, Coordinateur)
- Climat Energie Métabolisme urbain : L. Royon (PR, Coordinateur)
[tel-01294533] Contribution à l'étude des dernières étapes de la biosynthèse de l'anatoxine-a, une neurotoxine produite par les cyanobactéries
Date: 29 Mar 2016 - 15:02
Desc: Les cyanobactéries sont des procaryotes photosynthétiques ubiquitaires qui produisent un grand nombre de métabolites secondaires, dont des toxines. Parmi ces cyanotoxines, l'anatoxine-a est une neurotoxine puissante qui provoque une mort rapide après ingestion. La mort est causée par asphyxie car ces alcaloïdes sont de puissants agonistes du récepteur nicotinique de l'acétylcholine.L'équipe, au sein de laquelle j'ai effectué ma thèse, étudie la biosynthèse de l'anatoxine-a et de ses dérivés, chez les cyanobactéries. Des travaux précédents de l'équipe ont permis d'identifier le cluster de gènes responsable de la biosynthèse de l'anatoxine-a et de l'homoanatoxine-a, dans le génome de la cyanobactérie Oscillatoria sp. PCC 6506, une souche productrice d'homoanatoxine-a. Une voie de biosynthèse, à partir de la proline a été proposée par l'équipe.J'ai travaillé sur l'étude des dernières étapes de cette voie de biosynthèse, qui met probablement en jeu une polyketide synthase (PKS) AnaG et une thioestérase AnaA. Lors de ces étapes le précurseur de l'homoanatoxine-a est condensé à une unité acétate, puis subirait une méthylation, une hydrolyse et une décarboxylation, pour donner l'homoanatoxine-a. Néanmoins, la PKS AnaG ne possède ni domaine thioestérase ni domaine décarboxylase, et les dernières étapes de la biosynthèse sont donc mal définies. Nous avons décidé d'exprimer différents domaines d'AnaG chez Escherichia coli pour obtenir plus d'informations sur ces étapes. Nous avons également tenté de préparer un analogue du substrat putatif d'AnaG par synthèse chimique.Par ailleurs, nous avons étudié la biosynthèse de la dihydroanatoxine-a chez Cylindrospermum stagnale PCC 7417.
[hal-04741231] Biomolecules from olive pruning waste in Sierra Mágina – Engaging the energy transition by multi-actor and multidisciplinary analyses
Date: 17 Oct 2024 - 13:07
Desc: The price volatility of fossil resources, the uncertainty of their long-term availability and the environmental, climatic and societal problems posed by their operation lead to the need of an energy transition enabling the development and utilization of other alternative and sustainable resources. Acknowledging that indirect land-use change can increase greenhouse gas emission, the European Union (EU) has reshaped its biofuel policy. It has set criteria for sustainability to ensure that the use of biofuels guarantees real carbon savings and protects biodiversity. From a sustainability perspective, biofuels and bioliquids offer indeed both advantages (e.g., more secure energy supply, emission reductions, reduced air pollution and production of high added-value molecules) as well as risks (monocultures, reduced biodiversity and even higher emissions through land use change). Approaching economic, environmental and social sustainability at the local level and in an integrated way should help to maximize benefits and minimize risks. This approach has been adopted and is described in the present work that combines chemical, biological, social and territorial studies on the management of pruning waste residues from olive trees in the Sierra Mágina in Spain. The biological and social analyses helped to orientate the research towards an attractive chemical process based on extraction and pyrolysis, in which high added value molecules are recovered and in which the residual biochar may be used as pathogen-free fertilizer. In this region where farmers face declining economic margins, the new intended method may both solve greenhouse gas emission problems and provide farmers with additional revenues and convenient fertilizers. Further research with a larger partnership will consolidate the results and tackle issues such as the logistics.
[hal-01826773] Flu vaccination among patients with diabetes: motives, perceptions, trust, and risk culture - a qualitative survey
Date: 2 Jul 2018 - 16:29
Desc: Background: Vaccination against seasonal influenza (SIV) is recommended for patients with diabetes, but their vaccination coverage is unsatisfactory in France and elsewhere. This qualitative survey of people with diabetes sought to explore 1) the extent to which SIV-related behaviour is more or less automatic; 2) reasons they choose/reject SIV; 3) their trust/distrust in authorities, science, and medicine. Methods: We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews of 19 adults with diabetes in 2014. We recruited them through physicians or patient associations and implemented an analysis of thematic content. Results: Eight patients were vaccinated against flu in the preceding flu season and 11 were not. SIV uptake and refusal were stable over time and justified by multiple arguments. Coupons for free vaccines and regular doctor visits contributed to the habit of vaccination. Vaccination decisions were frequently anchored in past experiences of influenza and its vaccine. Patients often justified non-vaccination with attitudes of trivialisation/relativisation of influenza-associated risks and the perception that these can be controlled by means other than vaccination (e.g., through the avoidance of exposure). Some misbeliefs (e.g., SIV causes influenza) and doubts about SIV effectiveness and safety also existed. Several patients reported increased mistrust of SIV since the A/H1N1 pandemic in 2009. Patients trusted their doctors strongly regardless of their SIV behaviour, but unvaccinated patients had little trust in the government and pharmaceutical companies. Some discordances were found between perceptions and behaviour (e.g., remaining vaccinated despite doubts about SIV effectiveness or remaining unvaccinated despite feelings of vulnerability towards influenza complication), suggesting the existence of some vaccine hesitancy among patients. Conclusion: This study among patients with diabetes suggest that SIV uptake is stable, thanks to a favourable environment. Nonetheless, SIV refusal is also stable over time. Unvaccinated patients used multiple arguments to justify SIV refusal, including compensatory health beliefs. Physicians should take every opportunity to recommend SIV. The necessary individualised patient education regarding SIV requires better physician training in patients priorities. While almost all patients strongly trust their doctors, unvaccinated patients distrust distal stakeholders: it is absolutely essential to restore trust in them and to develop new more effective influenza vaccines.
[hal-02263721] ‘I Think I Made The Right Decision … I Hope I'm Not Wrong’ . Vaccine hesitancy, commitment and trust among parents of young children
Date: 5 Ago 2019 - 16:26
Desc: During the last decade, public health research has emphasised the growing public disaffection with vaccination. This contemporary vaccine hesitation (VH) refers to a delay in acceptance or refusal of vaccines, as well as agreement despite doubt and reluctance. We investigated VH among French parents of young children, with an emphasis on two key features of VH: trust towards physicians and commitment to vaccination issues. We targeted two populations with contrasting socioeconomic profiles, using in‐depth interviews (n = 25). Most parents exhibited some kind of VH, with differentiated attitudes across vaccines, including acceptance despite enduring doubts, especially for vaccines already provided to older siblings (‘vaccine inertia’). Despite the rise of the Internet and social media, our participants still strongly relied on face‐to‐face interactions with peers and significant others. Most participants trusted their own physician but this was the result of a selection process: they had engaged resources to find a physician they could trust. Participants with contrasted socioeconomic profiles struggled with the same dilemmas, and they committed themselves to the same quest to find the ‘right’ physician. Nevertheless, parents with a higher socioeconomic status were able to engage more resources and use a wider repertoire of actions, and they also displayed greater health literacy.
[hal-02088493] Socioeconomic differences in childhood vaccination in developed countries: a systematic review of quantitative studies
Date: 14 Ago 2023 - 16:36
Desc: Introduction: The reasons for vaccine hesitancy and its relation to individual socioeconomic status (SES) must be better understood. Areas covered: This review focused on developed countries with programs addressing major financial barriers to vaccination access. We systematically reviewed differences by SES in uptake of publicly funded childhood vaccines and in cognitive determinants (beliefs, attitudes) of parental decisions about vaccinating their children. Using the PRISMA statement to guide this review, we searched three electronic databases from January 2000 through April 2016. We retained 43 articles; 34 analyzed SES differences in childhood vaccine uptake, 7 examined differences in its cognitive determinants, and 2 both outcomes. Expert commentary: Results suggest that barriers to vaccination access persist among low-SES children in several settings. Vaccination programs could be improved to provide all mandatory and recommended vaccines 100% free of charge, in both public organizations and private practices, and to reimburse vaccine administration. Multicomponent interventions adapted to the context could also be effective in reducing these inequalities. For specific vaccines (notably for measles, mumps, and rubella), in UK and Germany, uptake was lowest among the most affluent. Interventions carefully tailored to respond to specific concerns of vaccine-hesitant parents, without reinforcing hesitancy, are needed.
Autres contacts
Université Paris 7 - Paris Diderot
The members of LIED are located on 4 sites :
Bâtiment Condorcet - 10, rue Alice Domon & Léonie Duquet - 75013 Paris
Bâtiment Lamarck A - 39, rue Hélène Brion - 75013 Paris
Bâtiment Lamarck B - 35, rue Hélène Brion - 75013 Paris
Bâtiment Olympe de Gouges - 8 place Paul-Ricoeur - 75013 Paris
