Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute - LIED
Présentation
Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute debates over energy sourcing and climate protection have led to widespread interest in a coming energy transition. The PIERI has been conceived in this context of continuous growth in world energy demand and pressing environmental concerns, notably climate change.
Although the need for concerted action is widely acknowledged, research in these fields is mostly conducted on a fragmented, mono-disciplinary basis. The aim of the PIERI is to bring together researchers from sciences, technologies and the social sciences – drawn from both the public and private sectors – into a single, federative structure. Its objectives are to develop interdisciplinary perspectives on energy issues, to nurture fundamental discoveries on energy sourcing, to develop empirical applications, to promote knowledge transfer to companies, to understand societal impacts and to inform policy-making processes.
Inscription à l'IED
Researchers wishing to discuss collaborative projects are encouraged to get in touch using the following email address: lied-pieri@univ-paris-diderot.fr
Thèmes de recherche
The LIED and its international network PIERI (Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute) have been launched in the context of increased worldwide demands in energy in the face of environmental concerns, i.e. sustainable resources and impact on the climate.
The LIED favours a global approach and aims at resolving questions at the national and international level by a unique multi-disciplinary approach encompassing basic science (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Informatics, Mathematics, Earth sciences and Engineering) as well as social sciences (Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Philosophy, Political sciences), whether in the academic or industrial domain.
· Objectives : Develop basic and applied science in response to the challenges of the “energy transition” with a focus on the interaction between energy, environment and climate. In the domain of biology, the LIED aims at understanding the basic mechanisms underlying energetic processes in microorganisms and in plants. It fosters applied science for the development of production and transformation of biomass.
· Methods : Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics, Molecular and cellular biology, Bioinformatics.
. Research orientations : balancing fundamental and applied research.
The work of the PIERI is organised around four axes :
♦ Fundamental science and low-carbon energy sources ;
♦ The science and technology of energy efficiency ;
♦ Forecasting, social and economic analysis, and public policy studies ;
♦ Interdisciplinary epistemology.
The titles of first two axes already illustrate the aspiration to combine fundamental and applied research. Two complementary research groups have been established, entitled : ‘Innovative energy sources and biomaterials’ and ‘Energy transport, instabilities and fluctuations’, composed mainly of researchers from sciences and technologies, but with input from social scientists. The third axis is subdivided into six themes, which all bring together the physical and the social sciences, namely :
The geography of energy sourcing ;
The multilevel governance of energy ;
Social representation and innovation : hydrogen and other energy pathways ;
Energy efficiency and modes of consumption ;
Forecasting models and interdisciplinary convergence ;
Smart grids.
Equipes de recherche
Director : Mathieu Arnoux
Teams of the LIED (are listed those in biology pertaining to the Group Matériaux et Biomatériaux Innovants - M2BI):
Team 1 : A. Atteia (Explorer la richesse métabolique des microalgues vertes photosynthétiques)
Team 2 : A. Méjean (Exploiter la richesse et la diversité métabolique des cyanobactéries)
Team 3 : F. Bouteau (Etudier des réponses aux stress afin d’optimiser la production de biomasse)
Team 4 : P. Silar (Valorisation de la biomasse par les champignons filamenteux)
[hal-01744697] Buoyancy-driven destabilization of an immersed granular bed
Date: 27 Mar 2018 - 16:37
Desc: Under suitable conditions, an immersed granular bed can be destabilized by local thermal forcing and the induced buoyant force. The destabilization is evident from the triggering and establishment of a dense fluid-like granular plume. Varying the initial granular layer average height h, time series of the free layer surface are extracted, allowing us to dynamically compute the underlying volume of the granular layer. The initial interface deformation, the lowering of the average granular interface (i.e. decrease of the granular layer volume) and the emission of a plume are observed and analyzed. We show that the phenomenon is mainly driven by heat transfer, for large h and also involves variable height thermal boundary condition & Darcy's flow triggering, for small h. Simple modeling with no adjustable parameter not only allows us to capture the observed scaling power laws but is also in quantitative agreement with the obtained experimental data.
[hal-01959783] France's citizen consultation on vaccination and the challenges of participatory democracy in health
Date: 19 Dec 2018 - 05:03
Desc: BACKGROUND: Confronted with a rise in vaccine hesitancy, public health officials increasingly try to involve the public in the policy decision-making process to foster consensus and public acceptability. In public debates and citizen consultations tensions can arise between the principles of science and of democracy. To illustrate this, we analyzed the 2016 citizen consultation on vaccination organized in France. This consultation led to the decision to extend mandatory vaccination. METHODS: The analysis combines qualitative and quantitative methods. We analyze the organization of the consultation and its reception using the documents provided by its organizing committee, articles of newsmedia and the contents of 299 vaccine-critical websites. Using methods from computational linguistics, we investigate the 10435 public comments posted to the consultation's official website. RESULTS: The combination of a narrow framing of debates (how to restore trust in vaccination and raise vaccination coverages) and a specific organization (latitude was given to the orientation committee with a strong presence of medical experts) was successful in avoiding legitimizing vaccine critical arguments. But these choices have been at the expense of a real reflection on the acceptability of mandatory vaccination and it did not quell vaccine-critical mobilizations. CONCLUSIONS: Public health officials must be aware that when trying to increase democratic participation into their decision-making process, how they balance inputs from the various actors and how they frame the discussion determine whether this initiative will provide meaningful information and democratic legitimacy.
[hal-03152339] Identification and characterization of PDC1, a novel protein involved in the epigenetic cell degeneration Crippled Growth in Podospora anserina
Date: 25 Feb 2021 - 15:05
Desc: The model fungus Podospora anserina exhibits Crippled Growth (CG), a cell degeneration process linked to the spreading of a prion-like hereditary element. Previous work has shown that the PaMpk1 MAP kinase and the PaNox1 NADPH oxidase are key player in setting up CG. Here, we identified PDC1, a new gene that negatively regulates the PaMpk1 pathway, by identifying the gene mutated in the PDC2205 mutant. This mutant exhibits strong CG in conditions where the wild-type does not. PDC1 encodes a small protein conserved in other Pezizomycotina. The protein contains four evolutionary-conserved cysteines, a tryptophan and a histidine; all six amino-acid are essential for function. PDC1 is located in the cytosol and is present in lower amounts in stationary hyphae in accordance with its role as a repressor. Epistasis analyses place PDC1 between PaMpk1 and PaNox1.
[hal-02294922] The mitochondrial translocase of the inner membrane PaTim54 is involved in defense response and longevity in Podospora anserina
Date: 20 Jul 2022 - 13:48
Desc: Fungi are very successful microorganisms capable of colonizing virtually any ecological niche where they must constantly cope with competitors including fungi, bacteria and nematodes. We have shown previously that the ascomycete Podopora anserina exhibits Hyphal Interference (HI), an antagonistic response triggered by direct contact of competing fungal hyphae. When challenged with Penicillium chrysogenum, P. anserina produces hydrogen peroxide at the confrontation and kills the hyphae of P. chrysogenum. Here, we report the characterization of the PDC2218 mutant affected in HI. When challenged with P. chrysogenum, the PDC2218 mutant produces a massive oxidative burst at the confrontation. However, this increased production of hydrogen peroxide is not correlated to increased cell death in P. chrysogenum. Hence, the oxidative burst and cell death in the challenger are uncoupled in PDC2218. The gene affected in PDC2218 is PaTim54, encoding the homologue of the budding yeast mitochondrial inner membrane import machinery component Tim54p. We show that PaTim54 is essential in P. anserina and that the phenotypes displayed by the PDC2218 mutant, renamed PaTim542218, are the consequence of a drastic reduction in the expression of PaTim54. Among these pleiotropic phenotypes, PDC2218-PaTim542218- displays increased lifespan, a phenotype in line with the observed mitochondrial defects in the mutant.
[hal-02178879] PaPro1 and IDC4, Two Genes Controlling Stationary Phase, Sexual Development and Cell Degeneration in Podospora anserina
Date: 10 Jul 2019 - 12:25
Desc: Filamentous fungi frequently undergo bistable phenotypic switches. Crippled Growth of Podospora anserina is one such bistable switch, which seems to rely upon the mis-activation of a self-regulated PaMpk1 MAP kinase regulatory pathway. Here, we identify two new partners of this pathway: PaPro1, a transcription factor orthologous to Sordaria macrospora pro1 and Neurospora crassa ADV-1, and IDC4, a protein with an AIM24 domain. Both PaPro1 and IDC4 regulate stationary phase features, as described for the other actors of the PaMpk1 signaling pathway. However, PaPro1 is also involved in the control of fertilization by activating the transcription of the HMG8 and the mating type transcription factors, as well as the sexual pheromones and receptor genes. The roles of two components of the STRIPAK complex were also investigated by inactivating their encoding genes: PaPro22 and PaPro45. The mutants of these genes were found to have the same phenotypes as PaPro1 and IDC4 mutants as well as additional phenotypes including slow growth, abnormally shaped hyphae, pigment accumulation and blockage of the zygotic tissue development, indicating that the STRIPAK complex regulates, in addition to the PaMpk1 one, other pathways in P. anserina. Overall, the mutants of these four genes confirm the model by which Crippled Growth is due to the abnormal activation of the PaMpk1 MAP kinase cascade.
Autres contacts
Université Paris 7 - Paris Diderot
The members of LIED are located on 4 sites :
Bâtiment Condorcet - 10, rue Alice Domon & Léonie Duquet - 75013 Paris
Bâtiment Lamarck A - 39, rue Hélène Brion - 75013 Paris
Bâtiment Lamarck B - 35, rue Hélène Brion - 75013 Paris
Bâtiment Olype de Gouges - 8 place Paul-Ricoeur - 75013 Paris
