Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain
Présentation
Le laboratoire en quelques mots
Le Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Energies de Demain (LIED) a pour objectif fondateur de développer « l’écologie des énergies », en menant à la fois recherches scientifiques et techniques guidées par les problèmes à résoudre dans le cadre de la transition énergétique et de l’accroissement des besoins mondiaux en énergie.
Il répond à la nécessité d’une approche interdisciplinaire des problèmes posés, en fédérant les membres – universitaires ou venant d’entreprises – des secteurs Sciences (Biologie, Chimie, Informatique, Mathématiques, Physique, Sciences de l’Ingénieur, Sciences de la Terre) et Sciences Humaines et Sociales (Anthropologie, Economie, Géographie, Histoire, Philosophie, Ecologie, Sciences politiques, Sociologie).
Les membres de l’UMR LIED (17 du secteur sciences et 9 du secteur SHS) se composent de 8 PR, 11 MCU, 3 personnels CNRS (1CR, 1IR, 1assimilée) et de 4 consultants. Le LIED constitue également la pierre angulaire de l’Institut des Energies de Demain (IED), appelé à devenir l’un des quatre instituts transversaux de l’IDEX SCP. Celui-ci comprend l’UMR LIED, la fédération IED et le réseau international PIERI (Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute).
L’ensemble forme un « dispositif » en cinq modes d’appartenance dont le premier est l'UMR LIED proprement dite. Le deuxième mode d’appartenance à LIED rassemble des membres de la plupart des laboratoires du campus Paris Diderot, irriguant le LIED par ses racines pluridisciplinaires. Deux autres modes l’ouvrent à des laboratoires d'autres PRES et aux entreprises, dont bon nombre le soutiennent très concrètement, en particulier celles qui font partie du conseil scientifique du LIED : AREVA, Bouygues, EDF, Saint-Gobain. Son ouverture internationale est le réseau PIERI.
La figure, généralisable à plusieurs fédérations de recherche, correspond au cas de deux : celle de l'institut des énergies de demain (avec l’UMR LIED représentée par un cercle blanc noté 1) et d’une autre centrée sur le laboratoire X (représenté par un cercle blanc noté X). Les laboratoires du campus Paris Diderot mutualisés avec le LIED sont les cercles colorés notés 2. Ceux satellisés par le X sont des cercles notés ? à colorer selon leurs disciplines. Les laboratoires interagissant avec le LIED et X sont les cercles colorés notés 3 ou 4 selon leurs degrés d’interaction avec ces laboratoires (sphères 3 ou 4 respectivement). Le caractère international du PIERI est symbolisé par un rectangle d’où proviennent des interactions multiformes.
Inscription au LIED
Researchers wishing to discuss collaborative projects are encouraged to get in touch using the following email address: lied-pieri@univ-paris-diderot.fr
Thèmes de recherche
The LIED and its international network PIERI (Paris Interdisciplinary Energy Research Institute) have been launched in the context of increased worldwide demands in energy in the face of environmental concerns, i.e. sustainable resources and impact on the climate.
The LIED favours a global approach and aims at resolving questions at the national and international level by a unique multi-disciplinary approach encompassing basic science (Biology, Chemistry, Physics, Informatics, Mathematics, Earth sciences and Engineering) as well as social sciences (Anthropology, Economics, Geography, History, Philosophy, Political sciences), whether in the academic or industrial domain.
· Objectives : Develop basic and applied science in response to the challenges of the “energy transition” with a focus on the interaction between energy, environment and climate. In the domain of biology, the LIED aims at understanding the basic mechanisms underlying energetic processes in microorganisms and in plants. It fosters applied science for the development of production and transformation of biomass.
· Methods : Biochemistry, Genetics, Genomics, Molecular and cellular biology, Bioinformatics.
. Research orientations : balancing fundamental and applied research.
The work of the PIERI is organised around four axes :
♦ Fundamental science and low-carbon energy sources ;
♦ The science and technology of energy efficiency ;
♦ Forecasting, social and economic analysis, and public policy studies ;
♦ Interdisciplinary epistemology.
The titles of first two axes already illustrate the aspiration to combine fundamental and applied research. Two complementary research groups have been established, entitled : ‘Innovative energy sources and biomaterials’ and ‘Energy transport, instabilities and fluctuations’, composed mainly of researchers from sciences and technologies, but with input from social scientists. The third axis is subdivided into six themes, which all bring together the physical and the social sciences, namely :
The geography of energy sourcing ;
The multilevel governance of energy ;
Social representation and innovation : hydrogen and other energy pathways ;
Energy efficiency and modes of consumption ;
Forecasting models and interdisciplinary convergence ;
Smart grids.
Equipes de recherche
Directeur : Mathieu Arnoux
Procédés des systèmes vivants
- Stress environnementaux et plantes : F. Bouteau ( MCF HDR, Coordinateur)
- Métabolisme secondaire des cyanobactéries : A. Mejean (PR, Coordinateur)
- Génétique et épigénétique des champignons : P. Silar (PR, Coordinateur)
- Biologie et Biotechnologie des champignons : F. Chapeland-Leclerc ( MCF HDR, Coordinateur)
Territoires et sociétés dans la longue durée
- Dynamiques des territoires et des sociétés : C. Mering (PR, Coordinateur), P. Chatzimpiros (MCF, Coordinateur)
- Dynamiques du long terme et transitions énergétiques : M. Arnoux (PR, Coordinateur)
- Sociologie et Sciences politiques : G. Bronner (PR, Coordinateur)
- Economie des inégalités : A.Berthe (MCF, coordinateur)
Efficience énergétique
- Dynamiques couplées et optimisation énergétique : C. Goupil (PR, Coordinateur)
- Dynamiques collectives des systèmes vivants et artificiels : J. Halloy (PR, Coordinateur)
- Climat Energie Métabolisme urbain : L. Royon (PR, Coordinateur)
[hal-01959783] France's citizen consultation on vaccination and the challenges of participatory democracy in health
Date: 19 12 月 2018 - 05:03
Desc: BACKGROUND: Confronted with a rise in vaccine hesitancy, public health officials increasingly try to involve the public in the policy decision-making process to foster consensus and public acceptability. In public debates and citizen consultations tensions can arise between the principles of science and of democracy. To illustrate this, we analyzed the 2016 citizen consultation on vaccination organized in France. This consultation led to the decision to extend mandatory vaccination. METHODS: The analysis combines qualitative and quantitative methods. We analyze the organization of the consultation and its reception using the documents provided by its organizing committee, articles of newsmedia and the contents of 299 vaccine-critical websites. Using methods from computational linguistics, we investigate the 10435 public comments posted to the consultation's official website. RESULTS: The combination of a narrow framing of debates (how to restore trust in vaccination and raise vaccination coverages) and a specific organization (latitude was given to the orientation committee with a strong presence of medical experts) was successful in avoiding legitimizing vaccine critical arguments. But these choices have been at the expense of a real reflection on the acceptability of mandatory vaccination and it did not quell vaccine-critical mobilizations. CONCLUSIONS: Public health officials must be aware that when trying to increase democratic participation into their decision-making process, how they balance inputs from the various actors and how they frame the discussion determine whether this initiative will provide meaningful information and democratic legitimacy.
[hal-01826773] Flu vaccination among patients with diabetes: motives, perceptions, trust, and risk culture - a qualitative survey
Date: 2 7 月 2018 - 16:29
Desc: Background: Vaccination against seasonal influenza (SIV) is recommended for patients with diabetes, but their vaccination coverage is unsatisfactory in France and elsewhere. This qualitative survey of people with diabetes sought to explore 1) the extent to which SIV-related behaviour is more or less automatic; 2) reasons they choose/reject SIV; 3) their trust/distrust in authorities, science, and medicine. Methods: We conducted semi-structured in-depth interviews of 19 adults with diabetes in 2014. We recruited them through physicians or patient associations and implemented an analysis of thematic content. Results: Eight patients were vaccinated against flu in the preceding flu season and 11 were not. SIV uptake and refusal were stable over time and justified by multiple arguments. Coupons for free vaccines and regular doctor visits contributed to the habit of vaccination. Vaccination decisions were frequently anchored in past experiences of influenza and its vaccine. Patients often justified non-vaccination with attitudes of trivialisation/relativisation of influenza-associated risks and the perception that these can be controlled by means other than vaccination (e.g., through the avoidance of exposure). Some misbeliefs (e.g., SIV causes influenza) and doubts about SIV effectiveness and safety also existed. Several patients reported increased mistrust of SIV since the A/H1N1 pandemic in 2009. Patients trusted their doctors strongly regardless of their SIV behaviour, but unvaccinated patients had little trust in the government and pharmaceutical companies. Some discordances were found between perceptions and behaviour (e.g., remaining vaccinated despite doubts about SIV effectiveness or remaining unvaccinated despite feelings of vulnerability towards influenza complication), suggesting the existence of some vaccine hesitancy among patients. Conclusion: This study among patients with diabetes suggest that SIV uptake is stable, thanks to a favourable environment. Nonetheless, SIV refusal is also stable over time. Unvaccinated patients used multiple arguments to justify SIV refusal, including compensatory health beliefs. Physicians should take every opportunity to recommend SIV. The necessary individualised patient education regarding SIV requires better physician training in patients priorities. While almost all patients strongly trust their doctors, unvaccinated patients distrust distal stakeholders: it is absolutely essential to restore trust in them and to develop new more effective influenza vaccines.
[hal-03153201] Morphology and phylogeny of two appendaged genera of coelomycetes: Ciliochorella and Discosia
Date: 26 2 月 2021 - 10:58
Desc: The taxonomy and phylogeny of the coelomycete genera Ciliochorella and Discosia which have appendaged conidia are examined in this paper. The phylogeny of taxa in Amphisphaeriaceae is reconstructed based on analysis of large subunit (28S) ribosomal DNA (LSU) sequence data. This analysis confirms that Ciliochorella and Discosia are members of Amphisphaeriaceae (Xylariales). A combination of morphological characters together with analysis of the ß-Tubulin (TUB) gene region can be used to distinguish species in Discosia. In addition Ciliochorella mangiferae and Discosia brasiliensis are characterized morphologically.
[hal-02473067] Developing a GIS Tool for Emergency Urban Cooling in Case of Heat-Waves
Date: 10 2 月 2020 - 15:09
Desc: Many cities are expected to face a strong increase in the frequency and intensity of heatwaves by the end of the 21 st Century due to climate change. In Paris, the frequency of heatwaves could rise from an average of one day per year to 14-26 days per year, with temperatures reaching up to 50°C. Since 2012, pavement-watering is viewed as a potential tool for emergency cooling by the city while scientific work on the technique has found its application to be best suited to densely built urban areas, compared for example to urban greening whose impact may be hindered by lack of available planting space. This paper proposes an interdisciplinary approach combining urban physics with social sciences to develop such a GIS model for pavement-watering as an emergency response to heatwaves in Paris. It is built on performance criteria derived from previous work are input into a Geographic Information System to identify urban areas where pavement-watering would be most effective. In addition, a heat-related health risk assessment is conducted, using microclimatic, urban and socioeconomic layers, to single out areas where heatwave risk is highest in public spaces, combining high temperatures, pedestrian traffic and local population vulnerability. The microclimatic hazard dataset includes a physical model of park and water body cool islands assuming they are driven by thermal diffusion. The resulting tool has significant flexibility in defining the thresholds of the different indicators. The mapping scheme identified a total of 50 to 200 km of high priority areas for pavement-watering, requiring between 1,400 and 5,800 m 3 /day of non-potable water, equivalent to 0.6 to 2.6 L/day per capita. Limitations due to data quality or resolution are discussed as well as paths for further improvement.
[halshs-02006148] Un changement de braquet dans l’action municipale des années 1970 ? L’expérience des vélos en libre-service de La Rochelle et la transformation de l’action publique urbaine
Date: 18 2 月 2019 - 17:23
Desc: Au cours des années 1970, La Rochelle se positionna comme ville pionnière en matière environnementale. L’action la plus importante de ce point de vue reste la mise en place de systèmes de vélos en libre-service en 1976, dans le cadre de ce qui était alors qualifié de banalisation des bicyclettes dans le cœur historique de la ville. Inspiré non sans ambiguïté à la fois par l’esprit libertaire de la fin des années 1960 et le développement de la société de consommation, ce nouveau système de mobilité visait d’abord à désengorger le centre-ville de la congestion automobile. Mais il croisait des enjeux multiples (identité politique du maire, Michel Crépeau, regain d’intérêt de l’État pour les villes moyennes, test d’une innovation de transport...). Le pilotage original de l’opération, par le biais d’une commission extra-municipale, dut ainsi concilier ces différentes tensions, avant que la solution d’une normalisation du service, par le biais d’acteurs privés, ne s’impose.
Autres contacts
Université Paris 7 - Paris Diderot
The members of LIED are located on 4 sites :
Bâtiment Condorcet - 10, rue Alice Domon & Léonie Duquet - 75013 Paris
Bâtiment Lamarck A - 39, rue Hélène Brion - 75013 Paris
Bâtiment Lamarck B - 35, rue Hélène Brion - 75013 Paris
Bâtiment Olympe de Gouges - 8 place Paul-Ricoeur - 75013 Paris
